Sockets

A socket is a hand tool that is attached on the end of a torque wrench or ratchet and is designed to tighten or loosen a fastener, such as a nut or bolt by gripping its edges.

Sockets have two ends, a square drive that attaches to the tool, and an end that goes over the fastener to grip its edges. Different sockets have different designs to attach to fasteners, such a hex (six sides), bi-hex (12 sides), Torx sockets (six-sided star shape) and screw sockets, which attach to the middle of the fastener, rather than gripping its edges.

Sockets are used widely by many trades people, including mechanics, aviation technicians, electricians, plumbers, joiners and DIYers, for jobs around the house.

Frequently Asked Questions about Sockets

What are the different types of sockets and their uses?

Sockets are wide ranging, with some being specialist, such as oil filter sockets and wheel nut sockets. However, common variants include hex and bi-hex sockets for six-sided fasteners, Torx for star-shaped nuts and bolts, screw sockets which fit to the middle of a fastener - rather than encapulating its edges, and impact sockets, which are used with power tools, such as impact wrenches and powered ratchet wrenches, and are commonly found in garages because they are used to loosen wheel nuts on cars, vans and trucks by mechanics.

What are the common drive sizes for sockets?

Common drive sizes are 1/4", 3/8" and 1/2" but drive sizes can go up to 1 1/2" for high torque applications. A general rule of thumb is that the lower the drive size the less torque the socket can handle. So for lower drive sizes a ratchet, swivel handle, sliding T-handle or appropriate torque wrench should be used, but for higher torque applications, a larger drive size should be used with an appropriate torque wrench or impact wrench.

Can sockets be used with power tools?

Yes, impact sockets are designed with thicker walls than regular sockets, whilst also being made from chrome molybdenum steel (most standard sockets are made from chrome vanadium steel, which is more brittle) and this enables them to be able to withstand the shock and vibration that is generated from an impact wrench.

What is the difference between shallow and deep sockets?

Shallow sockets are designed to handle standard bolts which can easily be accessed, whilst deep sockets enable the operator to tighten or loosen recessed fasteners or long bolts. An extension bar can also enable the operator to access fasteners that cannot be accessed with just a deep socket, by placing the bar between the tool and the socket.

How should I maintain and store my sockets?

Keep sockets clean and dry to avoid rust. They should be stored in an organiser or case to prevent loss and maintain order for easy access. Sockets should be inspected periodically for wear or damage, such as cracks and chips, which will impact their performance and also potentially make them dangerous to use.

What are universal joint sockets, and when should I use them?

Universal joint sockets allow for flexibility and angular movement, making them ideal for reaching fasteners in tight or awkward spaces where a straight socket can't align properly.

How do I choose the right socket size for my project?

Socket size should match the bolt or nut, measured in metric or imperial units. Using a size chart can help ensure a proper fit, preventing damage and slipping.

What materials are sockets typically made from?

Standard sockets are usually made from a durable steel like chrome vanadium, which offers strength and corrosion resistance. Impact sockets are made from chrome molybdenum steel, which is more elastic and can handle the shock and vibration that is generated from an impact wrench.

Can I use standard sockets with an impact wrench?

No, always use impact sockets when using impact tools to tighten or loosen fasteners. Using standard sockets with an impact wrench can cause the socket to crack or shatter, which poses a safety risk.

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