People who regularly work with vibrating tools are at risk of developing Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS), which can have long-term health implications. You can characterise HAVS by symptoms such as numb fingers, muscle weakness, and painful tingling. In severe cases, HAVS may lead to Vibration White Finger, severely affecting the quality of life.
If you work in construction, manufacturing, or the automotive industry, you will be particularly susceptible to HAVS due to your exposure to vibrating tools. You must be conscious of the early warning signs of the debilitating condition so you know what to look out for.
Equally, if you employ staff to work with vibrating tools, you are responsible for being aware of the causes of HAVS and the laws and regulations you must adhere to protect your employees.
While some power tools are necessary for completing specific tasks, learning how to use them safely is vital.
This guide covers relevant and essential topics, such as identifying the early symptoms of HAVS, understanding the effects of long-term exposure to vibrating tools, and implementing effective control measures to mitigate the risks.
It also provides information about the laws and regulations pertaining to HAVS, outlining the responsibilities of employers and employees to ensure a safe working environment.
After reading this guide, you will have the necessary knowledge to empower you to take proactive steps, helping you minimise the chances of developing permanent health issues related to HAVS.
What is Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome?
Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome is an occupational disease consisting of painful and disabling symptoms relating to a person's nerves, muscles, blood vessels, and joints.
If a person suffers from HAVS, they may experience the following:
- Changes to sensation in the hands, i.e. numbness and tingles, known as Raynaud’s Phenomenon, are caused by a decrease in blood flow to the fingers. This disease can cause discomfort and pain; in severe cases, ulcers or sores may develop on the fingertips. Regular monitoring and medication are needed to ensure no further complications arise due to the disease.
- Lack of grip due to a loss of muscle strength, affecting dexterity. If you ignore these symptoms, they can progress to more severe ones, such as whitening of the fingertips, known as Vibration White Finger (VWF). Similar to Raynaud’s Phenomenon, the symptoms of VWF typically include numbness of the fingers due to a lack of blood flow, but on a much more significant level, making it difficult to perform everyday tasks.
- Hand and arm pain; symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS). This condition occurs when the median nerve, which runs through the carpal tunnel in the wrist, becomes compressed or irritated due to carpal tunnel swelling. CTS pain can be mild or severe, ranging from discomfort to a sharp pain shooting up the arm. Activities that involve repetitive hand movements can exacerbate pain. The pain can also worsen at night, affecting sleep. Another symptom of CTS includes loss of grip, making tasks that require fine motor skills difficult to complete, and affecting work performance and everyday activities. People with CTS may also experience tingling sensations, often described as pins and needles or numbness, in the thumb, index, middle, and half of the ring finger. This symptom may be intermittent or persistent.
What causes Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome?
As briefly mentioned, a person can suffer from HAVS if they repeatedly and frequently use hand-held power tools, such as drills and chainsaws.
Someone may also experience symptoms of HAVS if they regularly work with vibrating machinery, such as heavy machinery used in construction and manufacturing, or if they handle materials processed by vibrating equipment.
When the vibrations transfer from a power tool to a person’s hands, it causes repetitive injuries to their small nerves and blood vessels, resulting in symptoms associated with HAVS, including numbness, muscle weakness, and tingling sensations. In severe cases, permanent loss of function and dexterity in the hands and fingers can occur.
What are the Early Symptoms of Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome?
If you regularly work with vibrating tools and equipment, you are at risk of developing Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome. So, what are the early signs of HAVS?
Early symptoms of Hand-Arm-Vibration Syndrome can vary from person to person. Still, there are several common signs to be aware of if you regularly use vibrating tools, machinery, and equipment. Recognising these symptoms is crucial to enable early intervention, preventing the syndrome's progression.
Below are the early symptoms of HAVS to look out for:
- Sleep disturbance - This is caused by discomfort and pain associated with the condition, severely impacting overall well-being.
- Tingling and numb fingers - Pins and needles or a loss of feeling may initially be intermittent, occurring during or after using vibration tools, but can progress to become more persistent over time.
- Difficulty picking up or holding heavy objects - This is due to decreased grip strength and reduced dexterity, affecting productivity and everyday activities.
- Fingertips turning white and then red when cold - The colour change results from the constriction and dilation of blood vessels due to impaired circulation.
Symptoms will likely worsen if you experience any of the above but continue to work with vibrating tools.
For example:
- The numbness in your hands will become permanent
- You will struggle to pick up small objects.
- The whiteness will spread to more fingers.
It is crucial to seek medical attention if you experience any early warning signs of Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome. Early diagnosis and intervention can help prevent further damage and improve your overall prognosis.
The Law and Regulations on Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome
In 2005, the government introduced regulations to protect workers as much as possible from the adverse effects of Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome and whole-body vibrations.
The Vibrations Regulations require employers to:
- Control the risks from vibrations.
- Instruct and train employees on the risks and the actions to control them.
- Provide appropriate first aid and health surveillance.
On a more granular level, The Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005 establishes action and exposure limit values (ALVs and ELVs) that employers must adhere to in order to mitigate the risks associated with vibrating tools, machinery, and equipment.
The regulations include the following:
- Action and exposure limit values for hand-arm and whole-body vibrations. These serve as benchmarks for assessing the level of risk and determining appropriate control measures.
For example, an Exposure Action Value (EAV) of 2.5 m/s2 A(8) represents a threshold where the risk of harm from vibrations is significant, requiring management to enforce measures that reduce exposure. - Furthermore, the regulations define a daily ELV of 5 m/s2 A(8), representing the maximum vibration level that employees should not be exposed to regularly. This level signifies a high risk, and employers should implement measures to ensure workers' exposure does not exceed this limit.
Employers should regularly monitor vibration levels. Additionally, they should provide training and information to employees.
Regions may vary, so employers and employees must familiarise themselves with the correct regulations and guidelines to ensure proper compliance.
Is Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome Really an Issue?
If you leave HAVS untreated and continue to work regularly and repeatedly with power tools, this can lead to you having long-term health issues.
A big concern with HAVS is its impact on motor skills. As mentioned, the damage to nerves and blood vessels in the hands and arms can cause a loss of dexterity and grip strength. This can seriously affect the ability to perform everyday tasks, impacting both work and personal lives.
Furthermore, the pain and discomfort of HAVS can be distracting, impairing concentration, which can lead to reduced productivity and potential errors in work tasks. This could result in the ability to continue working in their chosen profession.
Is Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome an Issue in a Workplace?
If you are an employer and your workers use high-vibration tools, HAVS can be a significant health and safety risk.
HAVS sufferers cannot use tools safely, increasing the risk of accidents and injuries within the workplace.
Overall performance will also be affected by HAVS sufferers, resulting in lower productivity levels, delays in project completion, and increased costs for the business.
Additionally, HAVS may lead to absenteeism. Employees who suffer symptoms of HAVS may require time off work to seek medical treatment or recover.
Can Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome be Prevented?
HAVS is preventable; however, the damage could be permanent. Symptoms may lessen if they discontinue using vibrating power tools early enough. However, the extent of recovery depends on the severity and duration of their symptoms.
For example, the nerve and blood vessel damage may be permanent. In other cases, people may experience partial recovery.
Thankfully, you can take proactive measures to reduce the risk of getting Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome.
Reducing the Risks of Vibration Exposure
If you use power tools, follow the below steps to help reduce the likelihood of you suffering HAVS symptoms:
- Reduce excessive gripping of tools by holding them loosely. Gripping power tools too tightly can transmit more vibrations to the hands and arms, increasing the potential for nerve and blood vessel damage. By following this practice, you can help protect yourself from the harmful effects of vibration exposure.
- Hold tools in various positions, reducing repetitive finger strain and movements. Consider the below when holding tools:
Neutral Wrist Alignment: Maintain a neutral wrist alignment when gripping tools. Avoid extreme angles or excessive wrist bending, as these positions can contribute to repetitive strain injuries. Keep the wrist aligned with the forearm, promoting a more natural and ergonomic hand position.
Alternative Grips: Explore different grips and hand positions for holding tools to distribute the workload across different muscle groups, reducing strain on specific areas. Experiment with overhand, underhand, and side grip to find the most comfortable and efficient grip for each task.
Tool Handles: Choose tools with ergonomic handles that provide a comfortable and secure grip. Look for handles designed to reduce vibration transmission and minimise hand fatigue. Soft, non-slip materials can enhance grip stability and reduce the need for excessive force during tool operation.
Use Assistive Devices: Depending on the task, consider using assistive devices or accessories that can help reduce strain on the fingers and hands. For example, using handles with extended reach or incorporating power-assisted tools can minimise repetitive finger movements and reduce the risk of overexertion.
Task Rotation: Implement task rotation practices that involve alternating between different tools and activities. By rotating tasks, you can vary the demands on your hands, reducing the repetitive strain associated with prolonged tool use. Task rotation also provides an opportunity for muscle recovery and reduces the cumulative impact of vibration exposure.
- Do not use a tool for longer than necessary - If this isn't possible, use the device in short bursts and take regular breaks (at least ten minutes). The “short burst” technique will enable your hands and arms to have intervals of rest, allowing you to recover from the effects of vibration exposure.
- Keep your hands warm while working - Consider wearing ordinary gloves, but be aware they will not protect you from vibrations. However, your employer should provide PPE (personal protective equipment), such as anti-vibration gloves, to minimise the impact of vibrations on your hands. These gloves are made with materials that absorb and dampen vibrations, protecting the hands and reducing the risk of HAVS.
- If you smoke, then quit! - Combining smoking and prolonged use of vibrating tools can heighten the risk of developing HAVS and exacerbate its symptoms. By quitting smoking, you can help reduce your overall sensitivity to vibration-induced injuries.
- Ensure you have an appropriate workstation that minimises the load on your hands - By optimising the ergonomics of your workspace, you can minimise the strain and stress placed on your hands and arms, thereby decreasing the risk of injury and vibration-related health issues.
- Choose a work surface that suits the task you wish to perform - The surface should be stable and adequately sized to accommodate the material and tools you are using.
- Learn and apply proper tool techniques - Maintain a balanced posture and allow the tool to work without excessive force. Good technique can help minimise unnecessary vibrations and reduce hand and arm strain.
- Use the right equipment, such as jigs and suspensions - This reduces the need to grip power tools tightly. Utilise ergonomic accessories, such as wrist supports or cushions, to provide additional comfort and support to your hands and arms. These accessories can help reduce pressure points and promote neutral wrist positions, minimising the risk of repetitive stress injuries.
- Check tools are fully functional and receive regular maintenance. Regular inspections and maintenance can help identify and address any issues contributing to increased vibration levels.
Treatment for Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome
As mentioned, HAVS may be irreversible, depending on the severity of a person’s symptoms. In extreme cases, hand-arm vibration syndrome may lead to gangrene, which is when the tissues die.
However, for mild and moderate HAVS, some medications can effectively reduce the frequency and intensity of symptoms.
For example, anti-inflammatory medication, such as ibuprofen, can lessen hand pain, and calcium-channel blockers, such as diltiazem, can relax and widen blood vessels.
What Tools Can Cause Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome?
A multitude of power tools can cause HAVS. Some of the common ones include the following:
- Hammer drills
- Chainsaws
- Polishers
- Powered hammers and chisels
- Welding tools
- Impact wrenches
- Hand-held grinders
- Lawn mowers
- Powered sanders
- Pedestal grinders
- Scabblers
- Strimmers or brush cutters
- Needle scalers
- Cut-off saws
- Jigsaws
The Hand-Arm Vibration Risk Assessment
Specific jobs require frequent use of vibrating power tools or machinery, and you will generally find them in particular industries, such as the following:
- Construction
- Engineering
- Automotive
- Shipbuilding
- Forestry
- Mining
- Public utilities
- Gardening
As an employer, you are responsible for following the best practices to help keep your staff healthy and safe within the workplace, particularly if your industry is any of the above.
This is where a risk assessment becomes necessary.
Risk assessments are essential for most businesses to help employers identify health and safety hazards and how they pose a risk to their employees. This helps to assess the protective measures in place and to adapt them if necessary.
Risk assessments also provide employers with documented proof to show to external bodies, demonstrating the steps they have taken to protect their employees and that they comply with the law.
During your risk assessment, you should:
- Create a list of tools and machinery that may cause vibrations and state what circumstances each one is required.
- Collect information about the tools and machinery from handbooks, i.e. find out the model, power, and vibration information for each piece of equipment.
- Find out who uses the vibrating tools and machinery and list their names.
- Assess and document how long employees use the tools/machinery while it is vibrating. This information needs to be as accurate as possible.
- Find out from your employees which tools/machinery cause problems when using them, i.e. heavy tools and inappropriate workstations may make the jobs even more challenging to complete and exacerbate symptoms.
- From your recordings, evaluate who is most at risk of HAVS.
How Can You Estimate Vibration Exposure?
You may be able to find the relevant information in the tool’s handbook or from the supplier.
However, see the infographic we have created below to discover the typical vibration levels for common tools.
Who is Most at Risk of HAVS?
Group your employees according to their level of risk, i.e. low, medium, and high risk. You can ascertain the level of risk by the following:
High Risk
Those above the ELV (exposure limit value) should be categorised as high risk. If your employees are using the wrong tools for the job, this can cause the ELV to be unnecessarily high.
Employees who regularly operate hammer action tools for over an hour daily or those who use rotary tools for over four hours daily are likely to be included in this category.
Medium Risk
Employees who are at medium risk should be above the ELV; however, they differ from those in the high-risk category because they use hammer action tools for over 15 minutes per day but less than an hour, or they use rotary tools for over an hour per day but less than 4.
Alternative Tools for Hand-Arm Vibration
Consider alternative work methods to completely diminish the risk of you or your employees experiencing symptoms of HAVS.
For example, you could swap vibrating tools and machinery for ones that do not vibrate.
There are plenty of non-vibrating tools on the market, such as spanners, screwdrivers and tweezers, so it is just a matter of conducting some research to find alternative tools that can effectively perform tasks to the standard of their vibrating counterparts.
After reading this guide, you should understand what Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome is, what causes the condition, and how to protect yourself when working with vibrating tools, machinery, and equipment.
Employers should also know the necessary preventative measures to protect their staff.
If you are looking for alternative hand tools, Heamar has a wide selection available to order online. Want to know more? Contact us today; we are happy to help!
